From Protein Design to the Energy Landscape of a Cold Unfolding Protein. Pulavarti SVSRK, Maguire JB, Yuen S, Harrison JS, Griffin J, Premkumar L, Esposito EA, Makhatadze GI, Garcia AE, Weiss TM, Snell EH, Kuhlman B, Szyperski T. J. Phys Chem B. 2022 Feb 7. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10750. Online ahead of print.
Near-physiological-temperature serial crystallography reveals conformations of SARS-CoV-2 main protease active site for improved drug repurposing. Durdagi S, Dağ C, Dogan B, Yigin M, Avsar T, Buyukdag C, Erol I, Ertem FB, Calis S, Yildirim G, Orhan MD, Guven O, Aksoydan B, Destan E, Sahin K, Besler SO, Oktay L, Shafiei A, Tolu I, Ayan E, Yuksel B, Peksen AB, Gocenler O, Yucel AD, Can O, Ozabrahamyan S, Olkan A, Erdemoglu E, Aksit F, Tanisali G, Yefanov OM, Barty A, Tolstikova A, Ketawala GK, Botha S, Dao H, Hayes B, Liang M, Seaberg MH, Hunter MS, Batyuk A, Mariani V, Su Z, Poitevin F, Yoon CH, Kupitz C, Sierra RG, Snell EH, and DeMirci H. Structure available online ahead of print.
Biological networks across scales. Bogdan, P, Caetano-Anolles, Jolles, A, Kim, H, Morris, J, Murphy, C, Royer, Snell EH, Steinbrenner, A. and Strausfeld, N. (2021) Integrative and Comparative Biology in press.
Structural biology in the time of COVID-19: perspectives on methods and milestones. Lynch, ML, Snell, EH, Bowman, SEJ. (2021) IUCrJ 8, 3, 335-341.
A SAXS based approach to rationally evaluate radical scavengers – toward eliminating radiation damage in solution and crystallographic studies. Stachowski, TR, Snell, ME, Snell, EH. (2021) Journal of Synchrotron Radiation in press.
Microgravity as an environment for macromolecular crystallization – an outlook in the era of space stations and commercial space flight. Snell EH and Helliwell JR. (2021) Crystallography Reviews, 8th April, 1-44.
SAXS studies of X-ray induced disulfide bond damage: Engineering high-resolution insight from a low-resolution technique. Stachowski, T.R., Snell, M.E, and Snell, E.H. PLOS One (2020).
Structural insights into conformational switching in latency-associated peptide between transforming growth factor β-1 bound and unbound states. Stachowski, T.R., Snell, M.E, & Snell, E.H. IUCrJ 7(2) 238-252 (2020).
High-Throughput PIXE as an Essential Quantitative Assay for Accurate Metalloprotein Structural Analysis: Development and Application. Grime, G.W., Zeldin, O.B., Snell, M.E., Lowe, E.D., Hunt, J.F., Montelione, G.T., Tong, L., Snell, E.H.* & Garman, E.F* – joint corresponding. JACS (2020) 142, 185-197. doi 10.1021/jacs.9b09186
Structural consequences of transforming growth factor beta-1 activation from near-therapeutic X-ray doses, Stachowski, T., Grant, T.D. and Snell, E.H. Journal of Synchrotron radiation in press (2019), 26, 967-979. Doi 10.1107/S1600577519005113.
Structural knowledge or X-ray damage. A case study on xylose isomerase illustrating both. H, Bury, CS, van der Woerd MJ, Snell EH, Garman EF. J. Synchrotron Radiation. (2019). 26, 931-944.
Protein and RNA dynamical fingerprinting. Niessen KA, Xu M, George DK, Chen MC, Ferré-D’Amaré AR, Snell EH, Cody V, Pace J, Schmidt M, Markelz AG.Nat Commun. 2019 Mar 4;10(1):1026. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08926-3.
Classification of crystallization outcomes using deep convolutional neural networks. Bruno AE, Charbonneau, P, Newman J, Snell EH, So DR, Vanhoucke V, Watkins CJ, Williams S, Wilson J. PLoS ONE 2018 13(6):e0198883
Biological Small Angle Scattering Theory and Practice. Lattman, EE., Grant, TD, Snell, EH. Oxford University Press. 2018.
Double-flow focused liquid injector for efficient serial femtosecond crystallography. Oberthuer D, Knoška J, Wiedorn MO, Beyerlein KR, Bushnell DA, Kovaleva EG, Heymann M, Gumprecht L, Kirian RA, Barty A, Mariani V, Tolstikova A, Adriano L, Awel S, Barthelmess M, Dörner K, Xavier PL, Yefanov O, James DR, Nelson G, Wang D, Calvey G, Chen Y, Schmidt A, Szczepek M, Frielingsdorf S, Lenz O, Snell E, Robinson PJ, Šarler B, Belšak G, Maček M, Wilde F, Aquila A, Boutet S, Liang M, Hunter MS, Scheerer P, Lipscomb JD, Weierstall U, Kornberg RD, Spence JC, Pollack L, Chapman HN, Bajt S. Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 16;7:44628.
Moving in the Right Direction: Protein Vibrational Steering Function. Niessen KA, Xu M, Paciaroni A, Orecchini A, Snell EH, Markelz AG. Biophys J. 2017;112:933-942.
The use of haptic interfaces and web services in crystallography: an application for a `screen to beam’ interface. Bruno A, Soares A, Owen R, Snell EH. J. Appl. Cryst. (2016). 49, 2082-2090.
Computational crystallization. Altan I, Charbonneau P, Snell EH. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2016 Jan 11. pii: S0003-9861(16)30004-2.
The detection and subsequent volume optimization of biological nanocrystals, Luft JR, Wolfley JR, Franks EC, Lauricella AM, Gualtieri EJ, Snell EH, Xiao R, Everett JK, Montelione GT. Struct Dyn. 2015 May 15;2(4):041710.
The structure of the PanD/PanZ protein complex reveals negative feedback regulation of pantothenate biosynthesis by coenzyme A. Monteiro DC, Patel V, Bartlett CP, Nozaki S, Grant TD, Gowdy JA, Thompson GS, Kalverda AP, Snell EH, Niki H, Pearson AR, Webb ME. Chem Biol. 2015 Apr 23;22(4):492-503
The accurate assessment of small-angle X-ray scattering data. Grant TD, Luft JR, Carter LG, Matsui T, Weiss TM, Martel A, Snell EH. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2015 Jan 1;71(Pt 1):45-56.
A hybrid NMR/SAXS-based approach for discriminating oligomeric protein interfaces using Rosetta. Rossi P, Shi L, Liu G, Barbieri CM, Lee HW, Grant TD, Luft JR, Xiao R, Acton TB, Snell EH, Montelione GT, Baker D, Lange OF, Sgourakis NG. Proteins. 2015 Feb;83(2):309-17.
Comparing chemistry to outcome: the development of a chemical distance metric, coupled with clustering and hierarchal visualization applied to macromolecular crystallography. Bruno AE, Ruby AM, Luft JR, Grant TD, Seetharaman J, Montelione GT, Hunt JF, Snell EH. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 27;9(6):e100782.
Identifying, studying and making good use of macromolecular crystals. Calero G, Cohen AE, Luft JR, Newman J, Snell EH.Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun. 2014 Aug;70(Pt 8):993-1008.
Crystallization screening: the influence of history on current practice. Luft JR, Newman J, Snell EH. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun. 2014 Jul;70(Pt 7):835-53.
Statistical analysis of crystallization database links protein physico-chemical features with crystallization mechanisms. Fusco D, Barnum TJ, Bruno AE, Luft JR, Snell EH, Mukherjee S, Charbonneau P. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 2;9(7):e101123.
A new view on crystal harvesting. Luft JR, Grant TD, Wolfley JR, Snell EH. J Appl Crystallogr. 2014 May 29;47(Pt 3):1158-1161.
Optical measurements of long-range protein vibrations. Acbas G, Niessen KA, Snell EH, Markelz AG. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3076.
Neutron structure of the cyclic glucose-bound xylose isomerase E186Q mutant. Munshi P, Snell EH, van der Woerd MJ, Judge RA, Myles DA, Ren Z, Meilleur F. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2014 Feb;70(Pt 2):414-20.
The structure of yeast glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase and modeling of its interaction with tRNA. Grant TD, Luft JR, Wolfley JR, Snell ME, Tsuruta H, Corretore S, Quartley E, Phizicky EM, Grayhack EJ, Snell EH. J Mol Biol. 2013 Jul 24;425(14):2480-93.
Purification and SAXS analysis of the integrin linked kinase, PINCH, parvin (IPP) heterotrimeric complex. Stiegler AL, Grant TD, Luft JR, Calderwood DA, Snell EH, Boggon TJ. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55591.
Insights into the mechanism of X-ray-induced disulfide-bond cleavage in lysozyme crystals based on EPR, optical absorption and X-ray diffraction studies. Sutton KA, Black PJ, Mercer KR, Garman EF, Owen RL, Snell EH, Bernhard WA. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2013 Dec;69(Pt 12):2381-94.
On the need for an international effort to capture, share and use crystallization screening data. Newman J, Bolton EE, Müller-Dieckmann J, Fazio VJ, Gallagher DT, Lovell D, Luft JR, Peat TS, Ratcliffe D, Sayle RA, Snell EH, Taylor K, Vallotton P, Velanker S, von Delft F. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2012 Mar 1;68(Pt 3):253-8.
Structural conservation of an ancient tRNA sensor in eukaryotic glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. Grant TD, Snell EH, Luft JR, Quartley E, Corretore S, Wolfley JR, Snell ME, Hadd A, Perona JJ, Phizicky EM, Grayhack EJ. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Apr;40(8):3723-31.
What’s in a drop? Correlating observations and outcomes to guide macromolecular crystallization experiments. Luft JR, Wolfley JR, Snell EH. Cryst Growth Des. 2011 Mar 2;11(3):651-663.
Lessons from high-throughput protein crystallization screening: 10 years of practical experience. Luft JR, Snell EH, Detitta GT. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2011 May;6(5):465-80.
Small angle X-ray scattering as a complementary tool for high-throughput structural studies. Grant TD, Luft JR, Wolfley JR, Tsuruta H, Martel A, Montelione GT, Snell EH. Biopolymers. 2011 Aug;95(8):517-30.
Crystal cookery – using high-throughput technologies and the grocery store as a teaching tool. Luft JR, Furlani NM, Nemoyer RE, Penna EJ, Wolfley JR, Snell ME, Potter SA, Snell EH. J Appl Crystallogr. 2010 Oct 1;43(Pt 5):1189-1207.
Macromolecular Crystallization and Crystal Perfection. Chayen, NE, Helliwell, JR, and Snell EH. IUCr Monographs in Crystallography Number 24, Oxford University Press (2010).
Sliding clamp-DNA interactions are required for viability and contribute to DNA polymerase management in Escherichia coli. Heltzel JM, Scouten Ponticelli SK, Sanders LH, Duzen JM, Cody V, Pace J, Snell EH, Sutton MD. J Mol Biol. 2009 Mar 20;387(1):74-91.
Establishing a training set through the visual analysis of crystallization trials. Part II: crystal examples. Snell EH, Lauricella AM, Potter SA, Luft JR, Gulde SM, Collins RJ, Franks G, Malkowski MG, Cumbaa C, Jurisica I, DeTitta GT. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2008 Nov;64(Pt 11):1131-7.
Establishing a training set through the visual analysis of crystallization trials. Part I: approximately 150,000 images. Snell EH, Luft JR, Potter SA, Lauricella AM, Gulde SM, Malkowski MG, Koszelak-Rosenblum M, Said MI, Smith JL, Veatch CK, Collins RJ, Franks G, Thayer M, Cumbaa C, Jurisica I, Detitta GT. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2008 Nov;64(Pt 11):1123-30.
Glycerol concentrations required for the successful vitrification of cocktail conditions in a high-throughput crystallization screen. Kempkes R, Stofko E, Lam K, Snell EH. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2008 Mar;64(Pt 3):287-301.
The application and use of chemical space mapping to interpret crystallization screening results. Snell EH, Nagel RM, Wojtaszcyk A, O’Neill H, Wolfley JL, Luft JR. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2008 Dec;64(Pt 12):1240-9.
AutoSherlock: a program for effective crystallization data analysis. Nagel RM, Luft JR, Snell EH. J Appl Crystallogr. 2008 Dec 1;41(Pt 6):1173-1176.
Glycerol concentrations required for the successful vitrification of cocktail conditions in a high-throughput crystallization screen. Kempkes R, Stofko E, Lam K, Snell EH. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2008 Mar;64(Pt 3):287-301.
Digital X-ray camera for quality evaluation three-dimensional topographic reconstruction of single crystals of biological macromolecules. Borgstahl, G., Lovelace, J., Snell, E.H., Bellamy, H. 7,466,798, Issue Dec. 16th 2008.
Efficient optimization of crystallization conditions by manipulation of drop volume ratio and temperature. Luft JR, Wolfley JR, Said MI, Nagel RM, Lauricella AM, Smith JL, Thayer MH, Veatch CK, Snell EH, Malkowski MG, Detitta GT. Protein Sci. 2007 Apr;16(4):715-22.
Changes to crystals of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase during room-temperature/low-temperature cycling and their relation to cryo-annealing. Juers DH, Lovelace J, Bellamy HD, Snell EH, Matthews BW, Borgstahl GE. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2007 Nov;63(Pt 11):1139-53.
Non-invasive measurement of X-ray beam heating on a surrogate crystal sample. Snell EH, Bellamy HD, Rosenbaum G, van der Woerd MJ. J Synchrotron Radiat. 2007 Jan;14(Pt 1):109-15.
Structure of the full-length human RPA14/32 complex gives insights into the mechanism of DNA binding and complex formation. Deng X, Habel JE, Kabaleeswaran V, Snell EH, Wold MS, Borgstahl GE. J Mol Biol. 2007 Dec 7;374(4):865-76.
Optimizing crystal volume for neutron diffraction: D-xylose isomerase. Snell EH, van der Woerd MJ, Damon M, Judge RA, Myles DA, Meilleur F. Eur Biophys J. 2006 Sep;35(7):621-32.
A quasi-Laue neutron crystallographic study of D-xylose isomerase. Meilleur F, Snell EH, van der Woerd MJ, Judge RA, Myles DA. Eur Biophys J. 2006 Sep;35(7):601-9.
Finding a cold needle in a warm haystack: Infrared imaging applied to locating cryocooled crystals. Snell, EH, van der Woerd, MJ, Miller, MD and Deacon, AM. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 38, 69-77 (2005).
Crystallization in Microgravity. Snell, EH, and Helliwell, JR. Macromolecular Reports on Progress in Physics, 68, 799-853 (2005).
Extracting trends from two decades of microgravity macromolecular crystallization history. Judge RA, Snell EH, van der Woerd MJ. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2005 Jun;61(Pt 6):763-71.
Imaging modulated reflections from a semi-crystalline state of profiling:actin. Lovelace, JJ, Narayan, K, Chik, JK, Bellamy, HD, Snell, EH, Lindberg, U, Schutt, CE and Borgstahl, GEO.J. Applied Crystallography 37, 327-330 (2004).
First results of digital topography applied to macromolecular crystals. Lovelace, JJ, Soares, A, Bellamy, HD, Sweet, RM, Snell, EH and Borgstahl, GEO. J. Applied Crystallography 37, 481-485 (2004).
Physical and structural studies on the cryocooling of insulin crystals. Vahedi-Faridi A, Lovelace J, Bellamy HD, Snell EH, Borgstahl GE. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2003 Dec;59(Pt 12):2169-82.
Macromolecular crystal quality. Snell EH, Bellamy HD, Borgstahl GE. Methods Enzymol. 2003;368:268-88.
The development and application of a method to quantify the quality of cryoprotectant conditions using standard area detector X-ray images. McFerrin, M and Snell, EH. J. Appl. Cryst. 35, 538-545 (2002).
Seeing the heat — preliminary studies of cryocrystallography using infrared imaging . Snell EH, Judge RA, Larson M, van der Woerd MJ. J Synchrotron Radiat. 2002 Nov 1;9(Pt 6):361-7.
Thaumatin crystallization aboard the International Space Station using liquid-liquid diffusion in the Enhanced Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar (EGN). Barnes CL, Snell EH, Kundrot CE.Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2002 May;58(Pt 5):751-60.
Free-falling crystals: Biological macromolecular crystal growth studies in low earth orbit. Judge, RA., Snell, EH. and Pusey, ML. Dev. Chem. Eng. Mineral Process. 10(5/6) 479-488 (2002).
Fluid Flows and Macromolecular Growth in Microgravity,Helliwell, JR, Snell, EH, Chayen, NE, Judge, RA, Boggon, TJ and Pusey, ML. Published in Physics of Fluids in Microgravity, ch 14, pages 489-514. Taylor and Francis. Editor, R. Monti (2002).
Method for measurement of physical characteristics of crystals. Borgstahl, G., Lovelace, J., Snell, E.H. 6,498,829, Issue date Dec. 24th 2002.
A test of macromolecular crystallization in microgravity: large well ordered insulin crystals. Borgstahl GE, Vahedi-Faridi A, Lovelace J, Bellamy HD, Snell EH. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2001 Aug;57(Pt 8):1204-7.
Investigating the effect of impurities on macromolecule crystal growth in microgravity. Snell, EH, Judge, RA, Crawford, L, Forsythe, EL, Pusey, ML, Sportiello, M, Todd, P, Bellamy, H, Lovelace, J, Cassanto, Borgstahl, GEO. Crystal Growth and Design, 1, 2, 151-158 (2001).
Microgravity and Macromolecular Crystallography. Kundrot, CE, Judge, RA, Pusey, ML, & Snell, EH. Crystal Growth and Design. Crystal Growth and Design, 1, 87-99 (2001).
The high-mosaicity illusion: revealing the true physical characteristics of macromolecular crystals. Bellamy HD, Snell EH, Lovelace J, Pokross M, Borgstahl GE. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. (2000) Aug;56(Pt 8):986-95.
BEAM-ish: A graphical user interface for the physical characterization of macromolecular crystals. Lovelace, J, Snell, EH, Pokross, M, Arvai, A, Nielsen, C, Nguyen, X, Bellamy, H and Borgstahl, GEO. J. Applied Crystallography, 33, 1187-1188 (2000).
Synchrotron X-ray reciprocal-space mapping, topography and diffraction resolution studies of macromolecular crystal quality. Boggon TJ, Helliwell JR, Judge RA, Olczak A, Siddons DP, Snell EH, Stojanoff V.Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2000 Jul;56(Pt 7):868-80.
Cryo-trapping the six-coordinate, distorted-octahedral active site of manganese superoxide dismutase. Borgstahl GE, Pokross M, Chehab R, Sekher A, Snell EH. J Mol Biol. 2000 Mar 3;296(4):951-9.
Crystallization of chicken egg white lysozyme from assorted sulphate salts. EL Forsythe, EH Snell, CC Malone and ML Pusey. J.Cryst. Growth, 196, 332-343. (1999).
The effect of temperature and solution pH on the nucleation of tetragonal lysozyme crystals. Judge RA, Jacobs RS, Frazier T, Snell EH, Pusey ML. Biophys J. 1999 Sep;77(3):1585-93.
Crystallization of chicken egg-white lysozyme from ammonium sulfate. Forsythe EL, Snell EH, Pusey ML. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1997 Nov 1;53(Pt 6):795-7.
Crystallization of biological molecules in microgravity. Snell, EH, Chayen, NE and Helliwell, JR. The Biochemist, Vol 21, 6, 19-24 (1999).
Protein crystal movements and fluid flows during microgravity growth. Boggon, TJ, Chayen, NE, Snell, EH, Dong, J, Lautenschlager, P, Potthast, L, Siddons, DP, Stojanoff, V, Gordon, E, Thompson, AW, Zagalsky, PF, Bi, R-C, and Helliwell, JR. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A.356, 1045-1061 (1998).
Quality evaluation of macromolecular crystals using X-ray mosaicity measurements. Snell, E.H. Proceedings of the Montreal Spacebound 1997 meeting, Canadian Space Agency, 306-315. (1998).
Ho JX, Snell EH, Sisk RC, Ruble JR, Carter DC, Owens SM, Gibson WM. Stationary crystal diffraction with a monochromatic convergent X-ray source and application for macromolecular crystal data collection. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1998 Mar 1;54(Pt 2):200-14.
CCD video observation of microgravity crystallization of lysozyme and correlation with accelerometer data. Snell EH, Boggon TJ, Helliwell JR, Moskowitz ME, Nadarajah A. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1997 Nov 1;53(Pt 6):747-55.
Partial improvement of crystal quality for microgravity-grown apocrustacyanin C1. Snell EH, Cassetta A, Helliwell JR, Boggon TJ, Chayen NE, Weckert E, Holzer K, Schroer K, Gordon EJ, Zagalsky PF. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1997 May 1;53(Pt 3):231-9.
CCD video observation of microgravity crystallization: apocrustacyanin C1. Chayen, NE, Snell, EH, Helliwell, JR and Zagalsky, PF. J. Cryst. Growth 171, 219-225 (1997).
Lysozyme crystal growth kinetics monitored using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Snell EH, Helliwell JR, Boggon TJ, Lautenschlager P, Potthast L. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1996 May 1;52(Pt 3):529-33.
An Investigation of the perfection of lysozyme protein crystals grown in microgravity and on earth. Helliwell, JR, Snell, EH, & Weisgerber, S. Springer Lecture notes in Physics. Vol 464, Ch. 30 edited by Ratke, L., Walter, H. & Feuerbache, B. Springer Verlag, 155-170 (1996).
X-ray topography: An old technique with a new application. Stojanoff, V, Siddons, DP, Snell, EH and Helliwell, JR. Synchrotron Radiation News 9, 25-26 (1996).
Trends and challenges in experimental macromolecular crystallography. Chayen NE, Boggon TJ, Cassetta A, Deacon A, Gleichmann T, Habash J, Harrop SJ, Helliwell JR, Nieh YP, Peterson MR, Raftery J, Snell EH, Hädener A, Niemann AC, Siddons DP, Stojanoff V, Thompson AW, Ursby T, Wulff M. Q Rev Biophys. 1996.
Improvements in lysozyme protein crystal perfection through microgravity growth. Snell EH, Weisgerber S, Helliwell JR, Hölzer K, Schroer K. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1995 Nov 1;51(Pt 6):1099-102.
Time resolved biological and pertubation chemical crystallography: Laue and monochromatic developments. Bradbrook, G, Deacon, A, Habash, J, Helliwell, JR, Helliwell, M, Nieh, YP, Snell, EH, Trapini, S, Thompson, AW, Campbell, JW, Allinson, NM, Moon, K, Ursby, T, and Wulff, M. SPIE 2521, 160-177 (1995).
Image-Plate Synchrotron Laue Data Collection and Subsequent Structural Analysis of a Small Test Crystal of a Nickel-Containing Aluminophosphate. Snell E, Habash J, Helliwell M, Helliwell JR, Raftery J, Kaucic V and Campbell JW. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 2, 22-26 (1995).
Electron density maps of lysozyme calculated using synchrotron Laue data comprising singles and deconvoluted multiples. Campbell , JW, deacon, A, Habash, J, Helliwell, JR, McSweeney, S, Quan, H, Raftery, J and Snell, E. Bull. Mater. Sci., 17,1, 1-18 (1994).
The emergence of the synchrotron Laue method for rapid data collection from protein crystals. Cassetta, A, Deacon, A, Emmerich, C, Habash, J, Helliwell, JR, McSweeney, S, Snell, E, Thompson, AW and Weisgerber, S. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 177-192 (1993).

Patents

Digital x-ray camera for quality evaluation three-dimensional topographic reconstruction of single crystals, Borgstahl, Lovelace, Snell and Bellamy, #7,466,798 issued December 16th, 2008.
Method for measurement of physical characteristics of crystals, Borgstahl, Lovelace and Snell, # 6,498,829, issued December 24th, 2002.

Edward Snell

PhD

Edward Snell

PhD

Edward Snell

PhD

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Patents

Department of Materials Design and Innovation